How does menopause affect the mouth?

Menopause brings changes that can affect oral health in various ways. As estrogen levels decline, tissues in the mouth may become thinner and drier. This can lead to several issues:

Dry mouth (known as xerostomia) is common during menopause. Saliva production tends to decrease due to hormonal changes and medications. Dry mouth increases the risk for tooth decay, gum disease, fungal infections, and discomfort while chewing or swallowing.
Burning mouth syndrome causes a burning or scalding sensation on the tongue, lips, gums, palate, or whole mouth. While the exact cause is unknown, hormones likely play a role. The condition usually appears during perimenopause and persists beyond menopause.
Higher risk of gum disease (periodontal disease). Estrogen deficiency can worsen inflammation and bone loss, leading to loose teeth. One study found postmenopausal women lost bone height through the jaw up to 3 times faster than premenopausal women.
Increased likelihood of thrush or oral yeast infections caused by the fungus Candida. Dry mouth and hormone changes create an environment conducive for excess Candida growth.
Greater chance of developing oral lichen planus, an inflammatory condition affecting the inside cheeks, gums, or tongue. Lesions appear as lacy white patches or red inflamed tissue. Lichen planus may be triggered by immune system changes from menopause.
Higher prevalence of burning tongue (glossodynia), a condition causing a painful, burning feeling on the tongue, often without visible signs. Hormonal fluctuations are believed to play a role.
Greater risk of dry socket (alveolar osteitis) after having teeth extracted, particularly wisdom teeth. Dry socket delays the healing process and causes severe throbbing pain at the extraction site due to lost blood clots.